The Governance of Security in Weak and failing States

I. Introduction Even in states that are, by most standards, flourishing, the demand for public security often exceeds the capacity of states to provide it. So it is that throughout most of the world, the state no longer has a monopoly on policing. Bayley and Shearing (1996; 2001) speak of the multilateralization of policing, by which they mean the variety of institutional forms, public, private, non-profit, and hybrid, by which policing is delivered. Some of these may be explicit instruments of policy, while others may operate more or less spontaneously, driven by market forces.